刨切机和旋切机的比较
Comparison of cutting machine and rotary cutting machine
木材刨切机是生产单板和微薄木的主体设备。按照刨刀相对于水平面的运动方向来分类，则木材刨切机可分为立式和卧式两大类；根据刨切方向相对木方纤维长度方向垂直还是平行，又可将刨切机分为横向刨切机和纵向刨切机。现代的刨切机的外形尺寸仅为过去刨切机的1／3，结构紧凑，质量轻，安装调试容易；可连续生产，节省装卡木材的时间，生产效率高；工作极平稳，几乎听不到噪声。旋切机也是生产单板的主要设备之一，从某种意义上来说，比刨切机使用得更广泛。旋切机按木段是否绕自身轴线旋转可分为同心旋切和偏心旋切两类。同心旋切机中又分为卡轴旋切机和无卡轴旋切机种。偏心旋切可获得美观的径向花纹，但生产率比同心旋切低。旋切机一般体积大而且结构复杂，上机前需要原木定心，若定心不准，开始旋切时会旋出续的单板带或窄单板。碎单板或窄单板越多，损失的材质好的边材单板也越多，不利于生产的连续化。原木有弯曲、截面不规则和两端有大小头(尖削度)等易造成旋出的单板为碎单板，浪费木材。并且当原木直径减小到一定程度时，就不能再继续旋切(即剩余木芯造成木材浪费)。而刨切机的缺点是：刨切单板的宽度窄，一般为300rnm有特殊要求的场合。
Wood slicing machine is the main equipment for veneer and veneer production. According to the moving direction of the planer relative to the horizontal plane, the wood planer can be divided into two categories, vertical and horizontal. According to the vertical or parallel length direction of the wood square fiber, the planer can be divided into the transverse planer and the longitudinal shaving machine. The size of the modern planer is only 1 / 3 of the cutting machine in the past. It is compact, light and easy to install and debug. It can be produced continuously and saves the time of loading the wood, the production efficiency is high, the work is very smooth, and the noise can hardly be heard. Rotary cutting machine is also one of the main equipments for veneer production. In a sense, it is more widely used than the planer. The rotary cutting machine can be divided into two categories: concentric rotary cutting and eccentric rotary cutting according to whether or not the wood segment revolves around its own axis. The concentric rotary cutting machine is also divided into two parts: the card shaft lathe and the lathe lathe. Eccentric radial cutting can get beautiful radial patterns, but productivity is lower than concentric rotary cutting. The rotary cutting machine is generally large and complex in structure. It needs log centring before boarding. If the centering is not allowed, the veneer or narrow veneer will be screwed when it starts to spin. Broken board or veneer more narrow, sapwood veneer loss of good material more and more, is not conducive to continuous production. The logs are curved, irregular in cross-section and big at the ends. The veneers, which are easy to cause the spin out, are broken veneers, which waste wood. And when the log diameter is reduced to a certain extent, it can no longer continue to spin. The shortcoming of the planer is that the width of the sliced veneer is narrow, which is usually the occasion where 300rnm has special requirements.
④低速、大转矩。与电磁马达相比，超声波马达最显著的特点是低速下具有大力矩输出的特性。超声波马达的力矩密度(力矩重量比)是电磁马达力矩密度的100~1000倍以上。
(4) low speed and large torque. Compared with electromagnetic motors, the most notable feature of ultrasonic motors is the characteristic of large torque output at low speed. The torque density (torque to weight ratio) of the ultrasonic motor is 100~1000 times more than the torque density of the electromagnetic motor.
⑤结构简单灵活、运动形式多样。超声波马达一般由定子、转子(或移动体)两部分组成，并且可非常方便地将马达的定子、转子分别与运动系统中的固定部件和运动部件做为一体。超声波马达有圆环、圆板、方板、圆柱和球形等多种灵活的结构形式，并且非常容易实现多种形式的运动，如旋转运动、直线运动、二维平面运动和三维运动。
The structure is simple and flexible, and the form of movement is varied. The ultrasonic motor is usually composed of two parts, the stator, the rotor (or the moving body), and the stator and rotor of the motor can be used as one of the fixed parts and the moving parts in the motion system very conveniently. The ultrasonic motor has many flexible structural forms, such as ring, circular plate, square plate, cylinder and ball. It is very easy to realize a variety of forms of motion, such as rotation motion, linear motion, two-dimensional plane motion and three-dimensional motion.
⑥寿命、噪声和可靠性问题。由于超声波马达的驱动绝大部分是接触式的，这必然带来定、转子间的摩擦损耗问题。目前，所研制的小功率超声马达的连续工作寿命一般在几千小时左右。超声波马达寿命短，可靠性差，以及工作不稳定等是制约其实用化和产业化所需急待解决的问题。但目前在某些特殊工作性质或对马达有特殊要求的场合，超声波马达仍可充分发挥其力矩密度大、结构灵活、无电磁干扰和具有大的静态保持力矩等特点的优势。超声马达广泛应用在航空航天、精加工设备、汽车行业、有强磁场或对磁场有要求的科学仪器或医疗器械、精密仪器仪表、办公自动化设备、微型机械、军事工业和半导体加工行业等相关领域。左右或更窄，均需拼接，木材利用率低，而且刨切的生产率仅为旋切的10％左右；目前使用的刨切机仅刨切微薄木。
The life, noise and reliability problems. Because the driving of ultrasonic motor is mostly contact type, this inevitably brings about the problem of friction loss between stator and rotor. At present, the continuous working life of the developed small power ultrasonic motor is usually around thousands of hours. The short life, poor reliability and unstable work of the ultrasonic motor are the urgent problems to be solved in the process of industrialization and application. But at present, the ultrasonic motor can give full play to its advantages of large torque density, flexible structure, no electromagnetic interference and large static holding moment in some special work properties or special requirements for the motor. Ultrasonic motors are widely used in aerospace, fine processing equipment, automobile industry, scientific instruments or medical instruments with strong magnetic fields or magnetic fields, precision instruments and instruments, office automation equipment, micro machinery, military industry and semiconductor processing industry. It is either left or right or narrower, both of which need to be spliced, the utilization of wood is low, and the productivity of the planing is only about 10% of the rotary cutting.